Total Parenteral Nutrition
(TPN)
What is TPN?
IV Nutrition, Tailored to You
Indications for TPN:
Severe gastrointestinal disorders, such as bowel obstructions or short bowel syndrome.
Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., severe Crohn’s disease) where oral or enteral feeding exacerbates the condition.
Malabsorption syndrome where the body cannot properly absorb nutrients from food.
Cancer, particularly if tumors obstruct the gastrointestinal tract or when chemotherapy leads to severe nausea and inability to eat.
Post-surgical complications, especially in cases where the bowel needs time to heal after surgery.
Carbohydrates
Typically in the form of dextrose (glucose), carbohydrates provide the primary source of energy. The concentration can range from 5% to 70%, depending on the patient’s caloric requirements.
Proteins (Amino Acids)
TPN provides essential and non-essential amino acids for protein synthesis, tissue repair, and maintenance of muscle mass. Amino acid concentrations vary according to individual protein needs.
Lipids (Fats)
Fat emulsions supply essential fatty acids and act as a secondary energy source.
Electrolytes
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphate
Vitamins
A multivitamin mix containing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C) is added to prevent deficiencies.
Trace Elements
Essential minerals like zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and chromium are included in small amounts for various biochemical processes.
Fluids
TPN also includes a large amount of water to maintain proper hydration and fluid balance.